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Oracle® Real Application Clusters Installation Guide
11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux and UNIX

Part Number E10813-02
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What's New in Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation?

This section describes new features as they pertain to the installation and configuration of Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC). The topics in this section are:

New Features for Release 2 (11.2)

The following is a list of new features for Release 2 (11.2)

Automatic Storage Management and Oracle Clusterware Installation

With Oracle Clusterware 11g release 2 (11.2), Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) is part of the Oracle grid infrastructure installation. In an Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC installation, Oracle ASM is installed in the Oracle Clusterware home. In addition, Oracle ASM can be configured to require separate administrative privileges, so that membership in OSDBA may no longer provide administrator access to both the database and the storage tiers.

Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System (ACFS)

Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System (Oracle ACFS) is a new multi-platform, scalable file system and storage management design that extends Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) technology to support all application data. Oracle ACFS provides dynamic file system resizing, and improved performance using the distribution, balancing and striping technology across all available storage, and provides storage reliability through Oracle ASM's mirroring and parity protection.

Cluster Verification Utility Fixup Scripts and Grid Infrastructure Checks

With this release, Cluster Verification Utility (CVU) has the following new features:

Database Agent and Listeners

With this release, DBCA no longer sets the value for LOCAL_LISTENER. When Oracle Clusterware starts the database resource, it updates the instance parameters. The LOCAL_LISTENER is set to the virtual IP endpoint of the local node listener address. You should not modify the setting for LOCAL_LISTENER. New installation instances only register with Single Client Access (SCAN) listeners as remote listeners. SCANs are virtual IP addresses assigned to the cluster, rather than to individual nodes, so cluster members can be added or removed without requiring updates of clients served by the cluster. Upgraded databases will continue to register with all node listeners, and additionally the SCAN listeners.

Daylight Savings Time Upgrade of Timestamp with Timezone Data Type

When time zone version files are updated due to Daylight Saving Time changes, TIMESTAMP WITH TIMEZONE (TSTZ) data could become stale. In previous releases, database administrators ran the SQL script utltzuv2.sql to detect TSTZ data affected by the time zone version changes and then had to carry out extensive manual procedures to update the TSTZ data.

With this release, TSTZ data is updated transparently with very minimal manual procedures using newly provided DBMS_DST PL/SQL packages. In addition, there is no longer a need for clients to patch their time zone data files.

See Also:

Oracle Database Upgrade Guide for information about preparing to upgrade Timestamp with Time Zone data, Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide for information about how to upgrade the Time Zone file and Timestamp with Time Zone data, and Oracle Call Interface Programmer's Guide for information about performance effects of clients and servers operating with different versions of Time Zone files

Enterprise Manager Database Control Provisioning

Database Control 11g provides the capability to provision automatically Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC installations on new nodes, and then extend the existing Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC database to these provisioned nodes. This provisioning procedure requires a successful Oracle RAC installation before you can use this feature.

See Also:

Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide for information about this feature

Enterprise Manager Clusterware Resource Management

With this release, you can use Enterprise Manager Cluster Home page to perform full administrative and monitoring support for High Availability Application and Oracle Clusterware resource management. Such administrative tasks include creating and modifying server pools.

Enterprise Manager Patch Application

With this release, you can apply patches to the Oracle RAC database using Enterprise Manager. A new Enterprise Manager feature, the Provisioning Advisor Console, enables you to customize, monitor, and deploy patch applications to nodes on the cluster.

Grid Plug and Play

In the past, adding or removing servers in a cluster required extensive manual preparation. With this release, Grid Plug and Play reduces the costs of installing, configuring, and managing server nodes by using a grid naming service within the cluster to allow each node to perform the following tasks dynamically:

As servers perform these tasks dynamically, adding and removing nodes simply requires an administrator to connect the server to the cluster, and to allow the cluster to configure the node. Using Grid Plug and Play, and using best practices recommendations, adding a node to the database cluster is part of the normal server restart, and removing a node from the cluster occurs automatically when a server is turned off.

Improved Deployment, Deconfiguration and Deinstallation

Oracle configuration assistants provide additional guidance to ensure recommended deployment, and to prevent configuration issues. In addition, configuration assistants validate configurations, and provide scripts to fix issues, which you can choose to use, or reject. If you accept the fix scripts, then configuration issues will be fixed automatically.

Oracle configuration assistants provide the capability of deconfiguring and deinstalling Oracle Real Application Clusters, without requiring additional manual steps.

SCAN Addresses for Simplified Client Access

With this release, the single client access name (SCAN) is the address to provide for all clients connecting to the cluster. The SCAN is a domain name registered to three IP addresses, either in the domain name service (DNS) or the Grid Naming Service (GNS). SCANs eliminate the need to change clients when nodes are added to or removed from the cluster. Clients using SCANs can also access the cluster using Easy Connect.

Zero Downtime Patching for Oracle RAC

Opatch now can apply patches in multi-node, multi-patch fashion, and will not start up instances that have a non-rolling patch applied to it, if other instances of the database do not have that patch. Opatch also detects if the database schema is an earlier patch level than the new patch, and it runs SQL commands to bring the schema up to the new patch level.

See Also:

Oracle Universal Installer and OPatch User's Guide for Windows and UNIX

Deprecated Options with Oracle RAC 11g Release 2 (11.2)

Note the following changes with this release:

New Features for Release 1(11.1)

The following is a list of new features for Oracle RAC 11g release 1 (11.1):

Note:

Some features in this list have been superseded by changes in the 11.2 release, particularly those listed for Oracle ASM.

Changes in Installation Documentation

With Oracle Database 11g release 1, Oracle Clusterware can be installed or configured as an independent product, and additional documentation is provided on storage administration. For installation planning, note the following documentation:

Oracle Database 2 Day + Real Application Clusters Guide

This book provides an overview and examples of the procedures to install and configure a two-node Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC environment.

Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide

This platform-specific book provides procedures either to install Oracle Clusterware as a standalone product, or to install Oracle Clusterware with either Oracle Database, or Oracle RAC. It contains system configuration instructions that require system administrator privileges.

Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide

This book (the guide that you are reading) provides procedures to install Oracle RAC after you have completed successfully an Oracle Clusterware installation. It contains database configuration instructions for database administrators.

Oracle Database Storage Administrator's Guide

This book provides information for database and storage administrators who administer and manage storage, or who configure and administer Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM).

Oracle Clusterware Administration and Deployment Guide

This is the administrator's reference for Oracle Clusterware. It contains information about administrative tasks, including those that involve changes to operating system configurations, and cloning Oracle Clusterware.

Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide

This is the administrator's reference for Oracle RAC. It contains information about administrative tasks. These tasks include database cloning, node addition and deletion, Oracle Cluster Registry (OCR) administration, use of SRVCTL and other database administration utilities, and tuning changes to operating system configurations.

Changes in the Install Options

The following are installation option changes for Oracle Database 11g:

New Components Available for Installation

The following are the new components available while installing Oracle Database 11g:

Enhancements and New Features for Installation

The following is a list of enhancements and new features for Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11.2):

Automatic Diagnostic Repository

The Automatic Diagnostic Repository is a feature added to Oracle Database 11g. The main objective of this feature is to reduce the time required to resolve bugs. Automatic Diagnostic Repository is the layer of the Diagnostic Framework implemented in Oracle Database 11g that stores diagnostic data and also provides service APIs to access data. The default directory that stores the diagnostic data is $ORACLE_BASE/diag.

The Automatic Diagnostic Repository implements the following:

For Oracle RAC installations, if you use a shared Oracle Database home, then the Automatic Data Repository must be located on a shared storage location available to all the nodes.

Oracle Clusterware continues to place diagnostic data in the directory Grid_home/log, where Grid_home is the Oracle Clusterware home.

Automatic Storage Management Fast Mirror Resync

Oracle ASM fast mirror resync quickly resynchronizes Oracle ASM disks within a disk group after transient disk path failures as long as the disk drive media is not corrupted. Any failures that render a failure group temporarily unavailable are considered transient failures. Disk path malfunctions, such as cable disconnections, host bus adapter or controller failures, or disk power supply interruptions, can cause transient failures. The duration of a fast mirror resync depends on the duration of the outage. The duration of a resynchronization is typically much shorter than the amount of time required to completely rebuild an entire Oracle ASM disk group.

See Also:

Oracle Database Storage Administrator's Guide

Oracle ASM, Deinstallation and Other Configuration Assistant Enhancements

ASM Configuration Assistant (ASMCA) is a new configuration tool that can run from the Oracle grid infrastructure for a cluster home. ASCCA configures ASM instances, diskgroups, volumes, and file systems. ASMCA is run during installation, and can be used as an administration configuration tool, like DBCA.

Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA), Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA), and Oracle Net Configuration Assistant (NETCA) have been improved. These improvements include the following:

DBCA

DBCA is enhanced with the following features:

DBUA

DBUA is enhanced with the following features:

Deinstallation Tool

Includes a deinstallation tool (deinstall), which is available in the installation media before installation, and is available in Oracle home directories after installation. It is located in the path $ORACLE_HOME/deinstall. The script stops Oracle software, and removes Oracle software and configuration files on the operating system.

New SYSASM Privilege and OSASM group for Oracle ASM Administration

This feature introduces a new SYSASM privilege that is specifically intended for performing Oracle ASM administration tasks. Using the SYSASM privilege instead of the SYSDBA privilege provides a clearer division of responsibility between Oracle ASM administration and database administration.

OSASM is a new operating system group that is used exclusively for Oracle ASM. Members of the OSASM group can connect as SYSASM using operating system authentication and have full access to Oracle ASM.

Oracle ASM Preferred Read Disk Groups

In previous releases, Oracle ASM used the disk with the primary copy of a mirrored extent as the preferred disk for data reads. With this release, using the new initialization file parameter asm_preferred_read_failure_groups, you can specify disks located near a specific cluster node as the preferred disks from which that node obtains mirrored data. This option is presented in Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA), and can be configured after installation. This change facilitates faster processing of data with widely distributed shared storage systems or with extended clusters (clusters whose nodes are geographically dispersed), and improves disaster recovery preparedness.

Oracle Automatic Storage Management Rolling Migration

Rolling migration for Oracle ASM enables you to upgrade or patch Oracle ASM instances on clustered Oracle ASM nodes without affecting database availability. Rolling migration provides greater availability and more graceful migration of Oracle ASM software from one release to the next. This feature applies to Oracle ASM configurations that run on Oracle Database 11g release 1 (11.1) and later. In other words, you must already have Oracle Database 11g release 1 (11.1) installed before you can perform rolling migrations.

Note:

You cannot change the owner of the Oracle ASM or Oracle Database home during an upgrade. You must use the same Oracle software owner that owns the existing Oracle ASM or Oracle Database home.

See Also:

Oracle Database Storage Administrator's Guide

Conversion of Single-Instance Oracle ASM to clustered Oracle ASM

Using either rconfig or Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control, you can convert an existing Oracle ASM instance from a single-instance storage manager to a cluster storage manager. You can convert Oracle ASM release 11.1 instances directly, and convert releases previous to 11.1 by upgrading the instance to 11.1, and then performing the conversion.

Data Mining Schema Creation Option

In Oracle Database 11g, the data mining schema is created when you run the SQL script catproc.sql as the SYS user. Therefore, the data mining option is removed from the Database Features screen of Database Configuration Assistant.

Oracle Disk Manager Network File System Management

Oracle Disk Manager (ODM) can manage network file systems (NFS) on its own, without using the operating system kernel NFS driver. This is referred to as Direct NFS. Direct NFS implements NFS version 3 protocol within the Oracle RDBMS kernel. This change enables monitoring of NFS status using the ODM interface. The Oracle RDBMS kernel driver tunes itself to obtain optimal use of available resources.

This feature provides the following:

Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) Simplified

With the development of Stripe and Mirror Everything architecture (SAME), and improved storage and throughput capacity for storage devices, the original OFA mission to enhance performance has shifted to its role of providing well-organized Oracle installations with separated software, configuration files and data. This separation enhances security, and simplifies upgrade, cloning, and other administrative tasks.

Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11.2) incorporates several changes to OFA to address this changed purpose.

As part of this change:

For Oracle RAC installations, Oracle requires that the Fast Recovery Area and the data file location are on a location shared among all the nodes. The Oracle Universal Installer confirms that this is the case during installation.

This change does not affect the location of trace files for Oracle Clusterware.

See Also:

Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for detailed information about these changes, and Oracle Database Utilities for information about viewing alert log and list trace files with ADRCI

Oracle Configuration Manager for Improved Support

During installation, you are asked if you want to install Oracle Configuration Manager (OCM). OCM is an optional tool that enables you to associate your configuration information with your My Oracle Support account (formerly OracleMetalink). This can facilitate handling of service requests by ensuring that server system information is readily available.

Configuring the OCM tool requires that you have the following information from your service agreement:

In addition, you are prompted for server proxy information, if the host system does not have a direct connection to the Internet.

Support for Large Data Files

Large data file support is an automated feature that enables Oracle to support larger files on Oracle ASM more efficiently, and to increase the maximum file size.

See Also:

Oracle Database Storage Administrator's Guide

Switching a Database from Database Control to Grid Control Configuration

In previous releases, Database Configuration Assistant contains the functionality to configure databases while creating them either with Database Control or with Grid Control, or to reconfigure databases after creation. However, if you want to change the configuration from Database to Grid control, this requires significant work. With Oracle Database 11g, Database Configuration Assistant enables you to switch configuration of a database from Database Control to Grid Control by running the Oracle Enterprise Manager Configuration Plug-in.

Deprecated Components in Oracle Database 11g Release 1 (11.1)

The following components that were part of Oracle Database 10g release 2 (10.2) are not available for installation with Oracle Database 11g: